Calibre release (4.23.0) Windows. Windows 32-bit Installer; Windows 64-bit Installer; Calibre Portable Calibre Portable Installer Apple Mac OS X Disk Image (.dmg). Customizing calibre with plugins ¶. Calibre has a very modular design. Almost all functionality in calibre comes in the form of plugins. Plugins are used for conversion, for downloading news (though these are called recipes), for various components of the user interface, to connect to different devices, to process files when adding them to calibre and so on. Previous calibre releases (4.x) Choose a calibre release. 4.23.0; 4.22.0; 4.21.0; 4.20.0; 4.19.0; 4.18.0; 4.17.0; 4.16.0; 4.15.0; 4.14.0; 4.13.0; 4.12.0; 4.11.2; 4.11.
- Calibre 5.16.1 on 32-bit and 64-bit PCs. This download is licensed as freeware for the Windows (32-bit and 64-bit) operating system on a laptop or desktop PC from pdf software without restrictions. Calibre 5.16.1 is available to all software users as a free download for Windows.
- How to send eBooks to your Android with Calibre 3.0. Calibre is, on its own merits, one of the most downloaded tools for PC on Uptodown. The popular reader, organizer, and eBook convertor is now out in version 3.0 with tons of new features – among them the possibility to share books from your library over your local network, which makes it tremendously easier to send books to your.
Calibre is an open source e-book library management application that enables you to manage your e-book collection, convert e-books between different formats, synchronize with popular e-book reader devices, and read your e-books with the included viewer.
It acts as an e-library and also allows for format conversion, news feeds to e-book conversion, as well as e-book reader sync features and an integrated e-book viewer.
Calibre's features include: library management; format conversion (all major ebook formats); syncing to e-book reader devices; fetching news from the Web and converting it into ebook form; viewing many different e-book formats, giving you access to your book collection over the internet using just a browser.
Calibre 4.23 new features:
Kobo driver: Add support for new firmware. Also add recognition of 'Kobo Plus' subscription books
Edit book: Allow customizing the base background/foreground and link colors for the preview window. Closes tickets: 1889925
Quickview panel: Add actions to the context menu to search for book in library, open in viewer, etc. Closes tickets: 1891765
Allow forcing calibre to remember the column width for the On device column by right clicking the header of the column
Template language: Add functions to perform math operations to convert fractional numbers to integers
Bug fixes
Content server: Fix Esc key not working in several views.
Closes tickets: 1849958
Fix unable to delete default value for custom columns of boolean type, once set Closes tickets: 1889973
EPUB Output: When splitting dont consider files with only a single character empty
Comments editor: Fix syntax coloring for HTML view in dark mode
Book list: When a series column is not wide enough, elide text in the middle so that the series number is visible
Improved news sources
El Diplo
calibre Blog
ESPN
LA Times
Winnipeg Free Press
Popular Science
Science News Recent Issues
New news sources
- linuxnews.de and t3n.de by Volker Heggemann
Download: Calibre 4.23 for Windows | Portable | Windows 64-bit | ~100.0 MB (Open Source)
Download: Calibre 4.23 for MacOS | 160.0 MB
Download: Calibre 4.23 for Linux
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| 4'/40 caliber Marks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1897—1945 |
| Used by | United States Navy |
| Wars | |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Bureau of Ordnance |
| Manufacturer | |
| No. built |
|
| Variants | Marks 1 – 6 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass |
|
| Length |
|
| Barrel length |
|
| Shell | 33 lb (15 kg) armor-piercing |
| Caliber | 4 in (102 mm) |
| Elevation | -15° to +20° |
| Traverse | −150° to +150° |
| Rate of fire | 8 – 9 round per minute |
| Muzzle velocity | 2,000 ft/s (610 m/s) |
| Effective firing range | 11,500 yd (10,500 m) at 31.2° elevation |
The 4'/40 caliber gun (spoken 'four-inch-forty-caliber') was used for the secondary batteries on the United States Navy's battleshipIowa, Columbia-classprotected cruisers, and the armored cruiserNew York, and was the primary batteries on the gunboatsNashville, Wilmington, and Helena.[1]
Design[edit]
The 4-inch (102 mm) Mark 1 Mod 0 was a built-up gun constructed in a length of 40 caliber. The Mod 0 had a tube, jacket, and two hoops, hooped to 50 in (1,300 mm) from the muzzle, all of gun steel. All Mark 1s were fitted with slotted-screw breeches but were later refitted with Fletcher rapid-fire breeches. The Mark 1 was described in the 1902 handbook as the M1889. The Mod 1 was of similar construction as the Mark 1 Mod 0 but had a screw-box liner and chamber liner so that it could use fixed ammunition instead of bag like the Mod 0 with all Mark 1s having their chambers bored out to 5.7 in (140 mm) diameter with a liner inserted so they could all use fixed ammunition in 1900. All Mark 1, 2, and 3 guns, were mounted on rapid-fire recoil mounts.[2]
The Mark 2 only consisted of two guns, Nos. 4 and 5. They were of similar construction as the Mark 1 but with the addition of a balancing hoop and the bore length being reduced to 157.5 in (4,000 mm) (39 caliber). They use a Driggs-Schroeder breech and were also an M1889 gun. Gun No. 4, the first Mark 2, was completed in September 1890.[2]
The Mark 3 Mod 0, M1890, would be the production version of the 4-inch/40 caliber bag gun with a total of 69 built in five Mods. The Mod 1 added a screw-box liner and chamber liner allowing it to use fixed ammunition along with only one hoop and a locking hoop and was hooped to within 52.5 in (1,330 mm) of the muzzle. Mod 2 was slightly heavier than the Mark 1 Mod 0 by 10 lb (4.5 kg) even with a 2.5 in (64 mm) shorter length, 39 caliber. The Mod 2 used fixed ammunitions with 500 psi (3,400 kPa) higher chamber pressure and balancing hoop. Mod 3s mounting threads on the barrel were in a different location and dimension from the Mod 2, other than this the two Mods were very similar. Mod 4 was a Mod 0 or 1 with a modified conical nickel-steel liner with a smaller chamber and the Mod 5 was a Mod 2 or 3 with the same liner as the Mod 4.[2]
The Mark 4, also known as the M1895 gun, was of an entirely new design intended to arm auxiliaries. It consisted of a tube, jacket, hoop, locking hoop, and faceplate with the Mod 1 being a Mod 0 but with a conical nickel-steel liner. The Mark 5 was almost the same as the Mark 4 just without the faceplate, with the Mod 1 also being a Mod 0 with a conical nickel-steel liner.[2]
Mark 6, M1895–1898, were to be the last of the 40 caliber 4-inch guns. The Mark 6 Mod 0 only differed from the Mark 5 by its breech mechanism. Some of the Mark 6s had a muzzle bell and like the Mark 4s and 5s before, the Mod 1 was a Mod 0 with a conical nickel-steel liner. Contracts were given to American Ordnance Company for 21 guns, Nos. 145–164, and 212, and Bethlehem Steel for 20 guns, Nos. 163–179, 210, and 211. Obviously, guns No. 163 and 164 are listed for both companies, but it is not known at this time where the error lies.[2]
Naval mounts[edit]
The navy had five different mounts, Marks 2–4, 7 and 9, for the 4-inch/40. They were all single gun mounts with manual elevation and training. The Mark 2 and 3 where Central Pivot mounts with the Mark 3 being different from the Mark 2 in not having a directing bar, the training was by handwheel, the sights were located on the slide and it was non-recoiling, many of the Mark 2 mounts were converted to the Mark 3. The Mark 4, 7, and 9 were all Pedestal mountings. The cruiser that these were mounted on had continuous chain ammunition hoists that were electrically powered.[2]
Naval service[edit]
- Iowa (6 guns)
- Columbia-class cruiser (8 guns each)
- New York (12 guns)
- Nashville (8 guns)
- Wilmington (8 guns)
- Helena (8 guns)
Army coast artillery service[edit]
Naval service[edit]
- Iowa (6 guns)
- Columbia-class cruiser (8 guns each)
- New York (12 guns)
- Nashville (8 guns)
- Wilmington (8 guns)
- Helena (8 guns)
Army coast artillery service[edit]
The United States Army Coast Artillery Corps adopted this weapon in very limited quantities. Four guns were acquired, with two each emplaced in Battery Plunkett at Fort Warren in the Harbor Defenses of Boston[3] and in Battery White at Fort Washington in Maryland near Washington, D.C..[4] The Army guns were designated 4-inch Navy gun M1896 and were designed by Driggs-Schroeder, on mounts built by the William Cramp & Sons shipyard of Philadelphia.[5] It is unclear which Navy mark or model they corresponded to. Battery Plunkett was active 1899-1920, while Battery White was active 1899-1921. The guns were removed and Battery White's scrapped as part of general removal from service of weapons deployed in limited quantities in the 1920s. Battery Plunkett's guns were retained for display at Fort Warren through early World War II, but probably were donated to a scrap drive in that war.[6]
Notes[edit]
Calibre 4.2.3
- Citations
- ^Navweaps 2012.
- ^ abcdefFriedman 2011, pp. 187–188.
- ^Battery Plunkett.
- ^Battery White.
- ^Berhow 2015, pp. 84-85, 205, 211.
- ^Berhow 2015.
Bibliography[edit]
- Books
- Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Seaforth Publishing. pp. 187–188. ISBN978-1-84832-100-7.
- Berhow, Mark A., Ed. (2015). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide, Third Edition. McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. ISBN978-0-9748167-3-9.
- Online resources
- 'United States of America 4'/40 (10.2 cm) Marks 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 4'/39 (10.2 cm) Mark 2'. Navweaps. 12 February 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
- 'Battery Plunkett'. FortWiki.com. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
- 'Battery White'. FortWiki.com. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
External links[edit]
Calibre Version 4.23
